1 TO 3 MONTHS
MOVEMENT
Raises head and cheek when lying on stomach (3 mos.)
Supports upper body with arms when lying on stomach (3 mos.)
Stretches legs out when lying on stomach or back (2-3 mos.)
Opens and shuts hands (2-3 mos.)
Pushes down on his legs when his feet are placed on firm surface (3 mos.)
VISUAL
Watches face intently (2-3 mos.)
Follows moving objects (2 mos.)
Recognizes familiar objects and people at a distance (3 mos.)
Starts using hands and eyes in coordination (3 mos.)
HEARING AND SPEECH
Smiles at the sound of voice (2-3 mos.)
Cooing noises; vocal play (begins at 3 mos.)
Attends to sound (1-3 mos.)
Startles to loud noise (1-3 mos.)
SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL
Begins to develop a social smile (1-3 mos.)
Enjoys playing with other people and may cry when playing stops (2-3 mos.)
Becomes more communicative and expressive with face and body (2-3 mos.)
Imitates some movements and facial expressions
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (1 TO 3 MONTHS)
Doesn’t seem to respond to loud noises
, Doesn’t follow moving objects with eyes by 2 to 3 months
, Doesn’t smile at the sound of your voice by 2 months
, Doesn’t grasp and hold objects by 3 months
, Doesn’t smile at people by 3 months
, Cannot support head well at 3 months
, Doesn’t reach for and grasp toys by 3 to 4 months
, Doesn’t bring objects to mouth by 4 months
, Doesn’t push down with legs when feet are placed on a firm surface by 4 months
, Has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions
, Crosses eyes most of the time (occasional crossing of the eyes is normal in these first months)
4 TO 7 MONTHS
MOVEMENT
Pushes up on extended arms (5 mos.)
Pulls to sitting with no head lag (5 mos.)
Sits with support of his hands (5-6 mos.)
Sits unsupported for short periods (6-8 mos.)
Supports whole weight on legs (6-7 mos.)
Grasps feet (6 mos.)
Transfers objects from hand to hand (6-7 mos.)
Uses raking grasp (not pincer) (6 mos.)
VISUAL
Looks for toy beyond tracking range (5-6 mos.)
Tracks moving objects with ease (4-7 mos.)
Grasps objects dangling in front of him (5-6 mos.)
Looks for fallen toys (5-7 mos.)
LANGUAGE
Distinguishes emotions by tone of voice (4-7 mos.)
Responds to sound by making sounds (4-6 mos.)
Uses voice to express joy and displeasure (4-6 mos.)
Syllable repetition begins (5-7 mos.)
COGNITIVE
Finds partially hidden objects (6-7 mos.)
Explores with hands and mouth (4-7 mos.)
Struggles to get objects that are out of reach (5-7 mos.)
SOCIAL EMOTIONAL
Enjoys social play (4-7 mos.)
Interested in mirror images (5-7 mos.)
Responds to other people’s expression of emotion (4-7 mos.)
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (4 TO 7 MONTHS)
Seems very stiff, tight muscles, Seems very floppy, like a rag doll
, Head still flops back when body is pulled to sitting position (by 5months still exhibits head lag), Shows no affection for the person who cares for them
, Doesn’t seem to enjoy being around people
, One or both eyes consistently turn in or out
, Persistent tearing, eye drainage, or sensitivity to light, Does not respond to sounds around them
, Has difficulty getting objects to mouth
, Does not turn head to locate sounds by 4 months
, Doesn’t roll over (stomach to back) by 6 months
, Cannot sit with help by 6 months (not by themselves)
, Does not laugh or make squealing sounds by 5 months
, Does not actively reach for objects by 6 months
, Does not follow objects with both eyes
, Does not bear some weight on legs by 5 months
8 TO 12 MONTHS
MOVEMENT
Gets to sitting position without assistance (8-10 mos.)
Crawls forward on belly
Assumes hand and knee position
Creeps on hands and knees
Gets from sitting to crawling or prone (lying on stomach) position (10-12 mos.)
Pulls self up to standing position
Walks holding on to furniture
Stands momentarily without support
May walk two or three steps without support
HAND AND FINGER SKILLS
Uses pincer grasp (grasp using thumb and index finger) (7-10 mos.)
Bangs two one-inch cubes together
Puts objects into container (10-12 mos.)
Takes objects out of container (10-12 mos.)
Pokes with index finger
Tries to imitate scribbling
COGNITIVE
Explores objects in many different ways (shaking, banging, throwing, dropping) (8-10 mos.)
Finds hidden objects easily (10-12 mos.)
Looks at correct picture when image is named
Imitates gestures (9-12 mos.)
LANGUAGE MILESTONES
Babbles “dada” and “mama” (8-10 mos.)
Says “dada” and “mama” for specific person (11-12 mos.)
Uses exclamations such as “oh-oh”
SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL
Shy or anxious with strangers (8-12 mos.)
Cries when mother or father leaves (8-12 mos.)
Enjoys imitating people in his play (10-12 mos.)
Shows specific preferences for certain people and toys (8-12 mos.)
Prefers mother and/or regular care provider over all others (8-12 mos.)
Repeats sounds or gestures for attention (10-12 mos.)
Finger-feeds himself (8-12 mos.)
Extends arm or leg to help when being dressed
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (8 TO 12 MONTHS)
Does not crawl
, Drags one side of body while crawling (for over one month)
, Cannot stand when supported
, Does not search for objects that are hidden (10-12 mos.)
, Says no single words (“mama” or “dada”)
, Does not learn to use gestures such as waving or shaking head, Does not sit steadily by 10 months
, Does not show interest in “peek-a-boo" or "patty cake” by 8 mos., Does not babble by 8 mos. (“dada,” “baba,” “mama”)
12 TO 24 MONTHS
MOVEMENT
Walks alone (12-16 mos.)
Pulls toys behind him while walking (13-16 mos.)
Carries large toy or several toys while walking (12-15 mos.)
Begins to run stiffly (16-18 mos.)
Walks into ball (18-24 mos.)
Climbs onto and down from furniture unsupported (16-24 mos.)
Walks up and down stairs holding on to support (18-24 mos.)
HAND AND FINGER SKILLS
Scribbles spontaneously (14-16 mos.)
Turns over container to pour out contents (12-18 mos.)
Builds tower of four blocks or more (20-24 mos.)
LANGUAGE
Points to object or picture when it’s named for them (18-24 mos.)
Recognizes names of familiar people, objects, and body parts (18-24 mos.)
Says several single words (15-18 mos.)
Uses two-word sentences (18-24 mos.)
Follows simple, one-step instructions (14-18 mos.)
Repeats words overheard in conversations (16-18 mos.)
COGNITIVE
Finds objects even when hidden under 2 or 3 covers
Begins to sort shapes and colors (20-24 mos.)
Begins make-believe play (20-24 mos.)
SOCIAL
Imitates behavior of others, especially adults and older children (18-24 mos.)
Increasingly enthusiastic about company or other children (20-24 mos.)
Demonstrates increasing independence (18-24 mos.)
Begins to show defiant behavior (18-24 mos.)
Episodes of separation anxiety increase toward midyear, then fade
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (12 TO 24 MONTHS)
Cannot walk by 18 months, Fails to develop a mature heel-toe walking pattern after several months of walking, or walks exclusively on toes, Does not speak at least 15 words by 18 months, Does not use two-word sentences by age 2, By 15 months does not seem to know the function of common household objects (brush, telephone, bell, fork, spoon), Does not imitate actions or words by 24 mos., Does not follow simple one-step instructions by 24 mos.
24 TO 36 MONTHS
MOVEMENT
Climbs well (24-30 mos.)
MOVEMENTClimbs well (24-30 mos.)
Walks down stairs alone, placing both feet on each step (26-28 mos.)
Walks up stairs alternating feet with support (24-30 mos.)
Swings leg to kick ball (24-30 mos.)
Runs easily (24-26 mos.)
Pedals tricycle (30-36 mos.)
Bends over easily without falling (24-30 mos.)
HAND AND FINGER SKILLS
Makes vertical, horizontal, circular strokes with pencil or crayon (30-36 mos.)
Turns book pages one at a time (24-30 mos.)
Builds a tower of more than 6 blocks (24-30 mos.)
Holds a pencil in writing position (30-36 mos.)
Screws and unscrews jar lids, nuts, and bolts (24-30 mos.)
Turns rotating handles (24-30 mos.)
LANGUAGE
Recognizes and identifies almost all common objects and pictures (26-32 mos.)
Understands most sentences (24-40 mos.)
Understands physical relationships (on, in, under) (30-36 mos.)
Can say name, age, and sex (30-36 mos.)
Uses pronouns (I, you, me, we, they) (24-30 mos.)
Strangers can understand most of words (30-36 mos.)
COGNITIVE
Makes mechanical toys work (30-36 mos.)
Matches an object in hand or room to a picture in a book (24-30 mos.)
Plays make-believe with dolls, animals, and people (24-36 mos.)
Sorts objects by color (30-36 mos.)
Completes puzzles with 3 or 4 pieces (24-36 mos.)
Understands concept of “two” (26-32 mos.)
SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL
Separates easily from parents (by 36 mo.)
Expresses a wide range of emotions (24-36 mos.)
Objects to major changes in routine (24-36 mos.)
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (24 TO 36 MONTHS)
Frequent falling and difficulty with stairs
, Persistent drooling or very unclear speech
, Inability to build a tower of more than 4 blocks
, Difficulty manipulating small objects
, Inability to copy a circle by 3 years old
, Inability to communicate in short phrases
, No involvement in pretend play
, Failure to understand simple instructions
, Little interest in other children
Extreme difficulty separating from primary caregiver
3 TO 4 YEARS
Hops and stands on one foot up to 5 seconds
Goes upstairs and downstairs without support
Kicks ball forward
Throws ball overhand
Catches bounced ball most of the time
Moves forward and backward
Uses riding toys
HAND AND FINGER SKILLS
Copies square shapes
Draws a person with 2-4 body parts
Uses scissors
Draws circles and squares
Begins to copy some capital letters
Can feed self with spoon
LANGUAGE MILESTONES
Understands the concepts of "same" and "different"
Has mastered some basic rules of grammar
Speaks in sentences of 5-6 words
Asks questions
Speaks clearly enough for strangers to understand
Tells stories
Correctly names some colors
Understands the concept of counting and may know a few numbers
Begins to have a clearer sense of time
Follows three-part commands
Recalls parts of a story
Understands the concept of same/different
Engages in fantasy play
Understands causality ("I can make things happen")
SOCIAL MILESTONES
Interested in new experiences
Cooperates/plays with other children
Plays "mom "or "dad"
More inventive in fantasy play
Dresses and undresses
More independent
EMOTIONAL MILESTONES
Often cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
May have imaginary friends or see monsters
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (3 TO 4 YEARS)
Cannot jump in place , Cannot ride a trike , Cannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingers , Has difficulty scribbling , Cannot copy a circle , Cannot stack 4 blocks , Still clings or cries when parents leave him , Shows no interest in interactive games , Ignores other children , Doesn't respond to people outside the family , Doesn't engage in fantasy play , Resists dressing, sleeping, using the toilet , Lashes out without any self-control when angry or upset, Doesn't use sentences of more than three words , Doesn't use "me" or "you" appropriately
Cannot jump in place , Cannot ride a trike , Cannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingers , Has difficulty scribbling , Cannot copy a circle , Cannot stack 4 blocks , Still clings or cries when parents leave him , Shows no interest in interactive games , Ignores other children , Doesn't respond to people outside the family , Doesn't engage in fantasy play , Resists dressing, sleeping, using the toilet , Lashes out without any self-control when angry or upset, Doesn't use sentences of more than three words , Doesn't use "me" or "you" appropriately
4 TO 5 YEARS
MOVEMENT
Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer
Hops, somersaults
Swings, climbs
May be able to skip
MILESTONES IN HAND AND FINGER SKILLS
Draws person with body
Prints some letters
Dresses and undresses without assistance
Uses fork, spoon
Usually cares for own toilet needs
LANGUAGE MILESTONES
Recalls parts of a story
Speaks sentences of more than 5 words
Uses future tense
Tells longer stories
Says name and address
COGNITIVE MILESTONES
Can count 10 or more objects
Correctly names at least 4 colors
Better understands the concept of time
Knows about things used every day in the home (money, food, etc.)
SOCIAL MILESTONES
Wants to please and be with friends
More likely to agree to rules
Likes to sing, dance, and act
Shows more independence
Likes to sing, dance, and act
Shows more independence
DEVELOPMENTAL RED FLAGS (4 TO 5 YEARS)
Exhibits extremely aggressive, fearful or timid behavior, Is unable to separate from parents, Is easily distracted and unable to concentrate on any single activity for more than 5 minutes, Shows little interest in playing with other children, Refuses to respond to people in general, Rarely uses fantasy or imitation in play, Seems unhappy or sad much of the time, Avoids or seems aloof with other children and adults, Doesn't express a wide range of emotions, Has trouble eating, sleeping or using the toilet, Can't differentiate between fantasy and reality, Seems unusually passive, Can't understand two-part commands and prepositions ("put the cup on the table"; "get the ball under the couch"), Can't give his first and last name, Doesn't use plurals or past tense, Cannot build a tower of 6 to 8 blocks, Seems uncomfortable holding a crayon, Has trouble taking off clothing, Can't brush teeth or wash and dry hands
